Elderberry - European Black
Key Permaculture Characteristics:
- Design Functions: Excellent for hedgerows, riparian buffers, windbreaks, and as a "functional plant" that brings in pollinators and provides habitat for birds.
- Guild Partnering: Complements nitrogen-fixers, groundcovers, and nutrient accumulators in food forests.
- Soil Management: Tolerates clay, damp, and sometimes wet, boggy conditions, acting as a hardy anchor for difficult, wet spots.
